Hiatal Hernia Surgery in Delhi, India

A hiatal hernia occurs when a part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm, the thin muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen, into the chest cavity. The diaphragm has a small opening (hiatus) through which the oesophagus passes before connecting to the stomach. When the upper part of the stomach bulges through this opening, it leads to a hiatal hernia.

This condition can interfere with the normal function of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the oesophagus. As a result, many people with a hiatal hernia experience symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and chest discomfort.

While small hiatal hernias often cause no noticeable symptoms and may not require treatment, larger ones can lead to persistent reflux, difficulty swallowing, or even breathing issues. In such cases, medical or surgical management may be needed to prevent complications and restore normal anatomy.

Hiatal hernias are generally classified based on how much of the stomach moves through the diaphragm and where it sits in relation to the oesophagus. The two main types include:

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

This is the most common type, where the junction between the oesophagus and stomach slides up into the chest cavity. It often causes symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as heartburn and regurgitation, especially when lying down or bending forward.

Paraesophageal (Rolling) Hiatal Hernia

In this type, part of the stomach pushes up alongside the oesophagus while the junction remains in place. Though less common, it can be more serious, as the herniated portion of the stomach may become trapped or twisted, cutting off blood supply and requiring urgent surgical intervention.

Hiatal hernia surgery is typically recommended when:

• Medications and dietary changes no longer control symptoms effectively.
• The hernia causes chronic gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) or inflammation of the oesophagus.
• Complications such as bleeding, ulceration, or strangulation of the stomach occur.
• There is significant discomfort or breathing difficulty due to the hernia’s size or position.

At Max Hospitals, our surgeons perform hiatal hernia repairs using advanced laparoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques that promote faster recovery, minimal scarring, and improved long-term outcomes.

Surgical repair of a hiatal hernia focuses on restoring normal anatomy and preventing reflux. The type of surgery performed depends on the size and nature of the hernia, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common procedures include:

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication

A minimally invasive technique in which the upper part of the stomach (fundus) is wrapped around the lower oesophagus to strengthen the valve mechanism and prevent acid reflux. This is the most frequently performed procedure for hiatal hernias.

Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repair

This approach uses robotic-assisted technology for enhanced precision and control, offering greater accuracy in repairing the diaphragm opening and reconstructing the oesophageal junction with minimal tissue trauma.

Open Hiatal Hernia Repair

Reserved for large or complex hernias, this traditional surgery involves a larger incision in the abdomen or chest. It allows direct access to the affected area, though recovery may take longer compared to minimally invasive techniques.

Hiatal hernia surgery is generally safe and effective, especially when performed using minimally invasive (laparoscopic) techniques. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications that patients should be aware of. Common risks include

• Bleeding: Minor bleeding may occur during or after surgery but is usually controlled promptly.
• Infection: Although uncommon, infections at the incision site or within the abdomen may develop and require antibiotics or drainage.
• Injury to nearby organs: The oesophagus, stomach, spleen, or lungs may occasionally be affected during surgery.
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): Temporary swallowing difficulties may occur as the oesophagus adjusts after surgery.
• Gas bloat syndrome: Some patients may find it harder to burp or vomit, leading to bloating or increased gas.
• Recurrence: In a few cases, the hernia may return over time, especially if the diaphragm weakens again.

At Max Hospitals, these risks are minimised through the use of advanced laparoscopic techniques, precise surgical planning, and comprehensive postoperative care. Each procedure is performed by an experienced surgical team dedicated to ensuring patient safety, faster recovery, and long-term relief from symptoms.

Undergoing hiatal hernia surgery can feel overwhelming, but knowing what to expect at each stage helps patients prepare confidently and recover smoothly. The journey typically includes three key phases: pre-surgery preparation, the procedure itself, and post-operative care, all carefully guided by the surgical team to ensure safety and successful outcomes.

Days Before Hiatal Hernia Surgery

In the days leading up to hiatal hernia surgery, preparation focuses on ensuring patients are in the best possible health for the procedure. A thorough medical evaluation is carried out, including physical examinations, imaging tests such as a barium swallow or endoscopy, and blood work to assess the hernia’s size and any related conditions, such as acid reflux. The surgical team carefully reviews all ongoing medications and may recommend pausing blood thinners, certain pain relievers, or supplements that could increase bleeding risk. Patients are usually advised to follow a light diet and avoid food or drink for several hours before surgery. Making simple lifestyle adjustments, such as quitting smoking and maintaining good nutrition, can also support faster healing and reduce the risk of complications.

On the Day of Hiatal Hernia Surgery

Hiatal hernia repair is most often performed using minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques, which allow for smaller incisions and faster recovery. The procedure is done under general anaesthesia, ensuring complete comfort throughout. Once the patient is ready, the surgeon makes a few small incisions in the abdomen and inserts a tiny camera and specialised instruments to guide the repair. The stomach is gently repositioned into the abdominal cavity, and the opening in the diaphragm is closed and reinforced with sutures or mesh if necessary. In many cases, a fundoplication is also performed, a procedure in which the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower oesophagus to help prevent acid reflux. The entire surgery usually takes between one and two hours, depending on the hernia’s size and complexity.

Post-Procedure Care

Recovery after hiatal hernia surgery is generally smooth, with most patients being able to resume light activity within a few days. Hospital stays typically last one to two days, though some laparoscopic cases may be discharged the same day. Initially, patients begin with a liquid diet before gradually progressing to soft foods and eventually returning to regular meals over a few weeks. Gentle walking is encouraged soon after surgery to improve circulation and aid healing, while heavy lifting or strenuous exercise should be avoided for several weeks. Regular follow-up visits are scheduled to monitor recovery, ensure the surgical repair is healing well, and address any lingering symptoms.

At Max Hospitals, every stage of the surgical journey is guided by precision, compassion, and patient-centred care, ensuring a smooth recovery and long-term relief from symptoms.

When it comes to hiatal hernia surgery, Max Hospitals is recognised as one of India’s most trusted hospitals for advanced gastrointestinal care. Here’s why patients and their families choose us..

Highly Experienced Surgeons

At Max, hiatal hernia repairs are performed by highly experienced gastrointestinal and laparoscopic surgeons who specialise in minimally invasive techniques. Their skill ensures precise repair, minimal discomfort, and quicker recovery.

State-of-the-Art Facilities

Our operation theatres and diagnostic units are equipped with advanced imaging, laparoscopic tools, and monitoring systems that enable accurate diagnosis and smooth, complication-free surgeries.

Personalised Care Plans

Every patient receives a treatment plan customised to their condition, age, and overall health. This individualised approach ensures optimal surgical outcomes and supports long-term relief from symptoms such as reflux or discomfort.

Comprehensive Pre- and Postoperative Care

From pre-surgical counselling and nutritional guidance to post-surgery recovery and follow-up, our multidisciplinary team provides continuous support throughout the journey. Our focus is on ensuring a smooth transition back to normal life with improved well-being.

Proven Outcomes

With consistently high success rates and positive patient feedback, Max Hospitals continues to be a preferred destination for hiatal hernia surgery, where expert care meets compassion and precision.

Can a hiatal hernia recur after surgery?

Yes, recurrence is possible, although rare, especially if the diaphragm weakens again or excessive strain is placed on the abdominal area after surgery. Following postoperative guidelines and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk.

How long does recovery from hiatal hernia surgery take?

Most patients recover within two to four weeks, depending on the surgical approach and individual health. Minimally invasive techniques generally allow quicker healing and earlier return to daily activities.

Is hiatal hernia surgery painful?

Mild discomfort or soreness is common after surgery, particularly around the incision sites. However, pain is typically well managed with prescribed medications and tends to subside within a few days.

Can lifestyle changes prevent a hiatal hernia from worsening?

Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, quitting smoking, and eating smaller, more frequent meals can help prevent symptoms from worsening or recurring.

Will surgery stop acid reflux completely?

Surgery significantly reduces acid reflux in most patients, especially when a fundoplication is performed. However, some may still experience mild reflux occasionally, depending on dietary and lifestyle factors.

Can a hiatal hernia be treated without surgery?

Smaller hernias that do not cause severe symptoms can often be managed with medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications. Surgery is reserved for larger or complicated cases that don’t respond to medical therapy.

Is hiatal hernia surgery considered major surgery?

While technically complex, laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair is considered minimally invasive. It involves small incisions and usually allows patients to go home within a day or two.

How soon can normal activities be resumed after surgery?

Light activities such as walking can usually begin within a few days. However, strenuous exercise, bending, or lifting heavy objects should be avoided for at least four to six weeks.

Are dietary restrictions necessary after surgery?

Yes, patients typically start with liquids, then move to soft foods before returning to a regular diet. Spicy, acidic, or carbonated foods should be limited initially to allow proper healing.

Can hiatal hernia surgery affect swallowing or digestion?

Temporary swallowing difficulty is common while the oesophagus adjusts. This usually resolves within a few weeks. Long-term swallowing issues are rare when surgery is performed by experienced surgeons.

What type of anaesthesia is used for hiatal hernia surgery?

The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia, ensuring the patient remains fully asleep and comfortable throughout the surgery.

How does robotic hiatal hernia surgery differ from laparoscopic surgery?

Robotic surgery offers enhanced precision, better visualisation, and greater flexibility for the surgeon’s instruments. It is particularly beneficial for complex or recurrent hernias.

Can hiatal hernia surgery fix breathing difficulties?

Yes, in cases where a large hernia compresses the lungs or diaphragm, repairing it can improve breathing capacity and reduce discomfort during physical activity.

Are there any long-term restrictions after surgery?

Once fully healed, most patients resume normal activities without restriction. However, maintaining good posture, avoiding excessive straining, and following a healthy diet are advised to prevent recurrence.

Why is it important to choose a specialised hospital for hiatal hernia surgery?

Specialised centres like Max Hospitals offer advanced laparoscopic and robotic facilities, experienced gastrointestinal surgeons, and comprehensive perioperative care, ensuring safety, precision, and durable results.

Reviewed by Dr. Ashish Vashistha, Principal Director - General Surgery & Robotics, aparoscopic / Minimal Access Surgery, Bariatric Surgery / Metabolic, on 16 December 2025.

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