Orchiectomy (Testicle Removal Surgery) in Delhi, India

Orchiectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or both testicles (testes), the glands responsible for producing sperm and the male hormone testosterone. It is typically performed to treat or manage conditions such as testicular cancer, severe trauma, infection, or hormone-dependent cancers like prostate and male breast cancer. Depending on the underlying condition, the surgery may be curative, preventive, or therapeutic.

The procedure can be carried out using different surgical techniques, ranging from traditional open surgery to minimally invasive approaches, with the goal of ensuring complete removal of affected tissue while preserving overall hormonal balance and reproductive health whenever possible. Orchiectomy not only helps manage or eliminate disease but also contributes to improving the patient’s quality of life by relieving pain, preventing complications, and restoring health and comfort.

Orchiectomy may be required to treat a range of medical conditions that affect the testes or involve hormone regulation. It is generally recommended when medication or less invasive treatments are no longer effective, or when immediate surgical intervention is necessary to protect health or prevent complications. The primary reasons for performing an orchiectomy include:

Testicular Cancer

To remove cancerous tissue from the affected testicle and prevent the spread of disease to surrounding areas or other organs. This is the most common reason for orchiectomy.

Severe Trauma or Injury

In cases of serious injury where the testicle cannot be repaired, orchiectomy helps prevent infection, chronic pain, or further complications.

Testicular Torsion

When blood flow to the testicle is cut off due to twisting of the spermatic cord and cannot be restored in time, removal may be necessary to prevent gangrene or infection.

Chronic Infection or Abscess

Persistent infections that do not respond to medication may require surgical removal to relieve pain and prevent the spread of infection.

Hormone-Related Cancers

In some prostate or male breast cancer cases, orchiectomy is performed to reduce testosterone production, helping slow tumour growth and improve treatment effectiveness.

By addressing the underlying cause and preventing disease progression, orchiectomy can play a vital role in improving long-term health, comfort, and quality of life.

Orchiectomy can be performed in several ways, depending on the underlying condition, the extent of disease, and the patient’s overall health. The goal is to remove the affected tissue while preserving as much normal function and appearance as possible. Common types of orchiectomy include:

Simple Orchiectomy

In this procedure, one or both testicles are removed through a small incision in the scrotum. It is often performed for non-cancerous conditions such as chronic infection, trauma, or to manage hormone-related disorders. In some cases, it may also be recommended for prostate or male breast cancer to reduce testosterone production.

Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy

This is the standard procedure for treating testicular cancer. The surgeon makes an incision in the groin and removes the affected testicle along with the spermatic cord to prevent the spread of cancer cells. The approach through the groin ensures that surrounding tissues are not exposed to potentially cancerous cells.

Subcapsular Orchiectomy

In this technique, only the inner tissue of the testicle is removed while leaving the outer capsule (covering) intact. It is usually done to lower testosterone levels in patients with advanced prostate cancer while maintaining a natural scrotal appearance.

Bilateral Orchiectomy

Involves the removal of both testicles and is typically recommended for patients requiring complete testosterone suppression, for example, in cases of advanced prostate or male breast cancer, or for individuals undergoing gender-affirming surgery.

Each type of orchiectomy is carefully chosen based on the patient’s diagnosis, treatment goals, and overall health, ensuring the safest and most effective outcome.

Undergoing orchiectomy can feel overwhelming, but understanding each stage of the journey helps patients prepare with confidence and recover smoothly. At Max Hospitals, the entire process, from pre-surgery preparation to postoperative care, is managed by a team of skilled urologists, anaesthesiologists, and nursing professionals who ensure safety, comfort, and compassionate support throughout.

Preparing for Orchiectomy (Days Before the Procedure)

In the days leading up to surgery, the focus is on ensuring patients are physically and mentally prepared for the procedure. Preparation may include:

• Comprehensive evaluation: Blood tests, imaging scans, and cardiac assessments to confirm readiness for surgery.
• Medication review: Adjusting or temporarily stopping blood thinners, painkillers, or supplements that may increase bleeding risk.
• Fasting and pre-surgery instructions: Patients may be asked to fast for several hours before the procedure and follow specific hygiene guidelines.
• Emotional preparation: Counselling and preoperative discussions help patients understand the surgery, recovery expectations, and fertility options if relevant.
• Lifestyle adjustments: Stopping smoking, eating a balanced diet, and staying active support faster healing and recovery.

On the Procedure Day

On the day of surgery, patients are admitted and cared for by the surgical and anaesthesia teams. Key steps include:

• Administering general or regional anaesthesia to ensure complete comfort during the procedure.
• Performing the surgery using the most appropriate approach, open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted, based on the condition.
• Removing the affected testicle(s) through a small incision while preserving surrounding tissues and maintaining symmetry when possible.
• Monitoring vital signs and recovery immediately after the surgery in a dedicated recovery area.

Post-Procedure Recovery and Care

Recovery after orchiectomy is typically smooth, especially with minimally invasive techniques. The care team focuses on pain relief, wound care, and emotional support. Key aspects include:

• Short hospital stay: Most patients are discharged within a day or two, depending on their condition and recovery progress.
• Pain management: Medications are prescribed to control discomfort and support healing.
• Wound care: Keeping the incision site clean and dry helps prevent infection and ensures proper healing.
• Gradual return to activity: Patients are encouraged to walk and resume light activities within a few days, avoiding strenuous exercise for several weeks.
• Hormone management: If both testicles are removed, hormone replacement therapy may be recommended to maintain physical and emotional well-being.
• Emotional support: Counselling and support services are available to help patients adjust to physical and psychological changes after surgery.

Orchiectomy Risks

While orchiectomy is generally a safe procedure, it carries some risks, which are greatly minimised under the care of experienced surgeons. Understanding these potential risks helps patients make informed decisions and take preventive measures during recovery. Common risks may include:

• Bleeding or infection: Minimal bleeding or wound infection may occur but can be effectively managed with medication and care.
• Swelling or discomfort: Mild pain, bruising, or scrotal swelling are temporary and usually subside within a few days.
• Reaction to anaesthesia: Some patients may experience nausea or fatigue, which typically resolves soon after surgery.
• Change in hormone levels: Removal of one or both testicles can reduce testosterone levels, which may lead to fatigue, mood changes, or reduced libido.
• Fertility concerns: If both testicles are removed, natural sperm production stops, and fertility preservation options should be discussed beforehand.
• Emotional impact: Adjusting to physical changes after orchiectomy can affect self-image and emotional well-being. Counselling support is available to help with this transition.

At Max Hospitals, these risks are minimised through meticulous surgical planning, advanced techniques, and comprehensive postoperative care.

When it comes to orchiectomy, choosing the right hospital makes all the difference. Here’s why patients trust Max Hospitals.

• Experienced specialists: Our board-certified surgeons have extensive expertise in performing both unilateral and bilateral orchiectomies using advanced surgical methods.
• Advanced surgical technology: Access to minimally invasive and laparoscopic techniques ensures smaller incisions, less pain, and quicker recovery.
• Comprehensive pre- and post-surgery care: From counselling and hormone evaluation to postoperative recovery and rehabilitation, every stage is managed with utmost care.
• Focus on emotional well-being: Dedicated counsellors and support services help patients adjust physically and emotionally after surgery.
• Personalised treatment approach: Each case is assessed individually to determine the best surgical method and aftercare plan.
• International standards of safety: Strict infection control protocols and state-of-the-art operation theatres ensure the highest standards of patient safety.

At Max Hospitals, we are committed to providing more than just surgical expertise, we offer compassionate care that supports patients through every step of their recovery journey.

Can orchiectomy affect muscle strength or energy levels?

Yes, testosterone plays a role in maintaining muscle mass and energy. If both testicles are removed, hormone replacement therapy can help maintain normal strength and energy levels.

Is hormone replacement therapy always required after orchiectomy?

Hormone therapy is only necessary if both testicles are removed (bilateral orchiectomy). Men who undergo removal of one testicle generally continue to produce enough testosterone naturally.

Can an artificial testicle (implant) be placed after orchiectomy?

Yes, a prosthetic testicle can be inserted during or after surgery to maintain a natural appearance and help with self-confidence.

Does orchiectomy affect sexual function or desire?

If one testicle is removed, sexual desire and performance usually remain unaffected. In cases where both are removed, testosterone therapy helps maintain libido and sexual health.

Can fertility be preserved before undergoing orchiectomy?

Yes, patients who may lose fertility due to bilateral orchiectomy can opt for sperm banking before surgery to preserve reproductive options.

How long does it take to fully recover from orchiectomy?

Most patients return to normal activities within two to four weeks. Recovery time can vary based on the surgical approach and overall health.

Are there any visible scars after the surgery?

Minimally invasive and laparoscopic techniques leave only small scars that typically fade over time. Even in open procedures, incisions are made discreetly to minimise visibility.

Can men still father children after one testicle is removed?

Yes, the remaining testicle usually continues to produce sperm and testosterone, allowing natural conception in most cases.

What emotional support is available after orchiectomy?

Max Hospitals offers post-surgery counselling and support groups to help patients and families cope with emotional changes and adjust to life after surgery.

Is orchiectomy performed under general or local anaesthesia?

Depending on the type and complexity of the procedure, orchiectomy may be done under general or regional anaesthesia for complete comfort.

How soon can patients resume exercise or sports after orchiectomy?

Light activities can usually be resumed within a few days, but strenuous exercise or heavy lifting should be avoided for about four to six weeks.

Can orchiectomy be part of gender-affirming surgery?

Yes, bilateral orchiectomy is sometimes performed as part of gender-affirming surgery for transgender women under appropriate medical guidance.

What precautions should be taken after returning home from surgery?

Patients should keep the incision clean, avoid pressure on the scrotal area, wear supportive underwear, and attend all follow-up appointments as advised.

How can swelling or discomfort after surgery be managed?

Applying ice packs, wearing supportive garments, and taking prescribed pain relievers can help reduce swelling and discomfort.

Does orchiectomy increase the risk of other health issues?

No, when hormone levels are managed appropriately, long-term health risks are minimal. Regular follow-up ensures balanced hormone levels and overall well-being.

Reviewed by Dr. Gaurav Garg, Senior Consultant - Andrology, Urology, Robotic Surgery, on 18 December 2025.